Effects of mild stress on the immune response against pseudorabies virus in mice.

Stress is a recognised problem in intensive pig husbandry, which might lead to changes in immune reactivity. To study the effect of stress on the development of an anti-viral immune response, we used a murine model in which mice were immunized with an attenuated strain of pseudorabies virus (PRV). The effect of two stress treatments, both relevant to intensive pig husbandry, on the development of the specific immune response against PRV was investigated. The stress treatments consisted of restraint, social isolation, and transport and they differed in predictability. The specific immune response against PRV, which developed in the draining lymph nodes, was measured by a lymphocyte proliferation assay and cytokine production assays. Our results showed that the unpredictable stress treatment had no effect on the development of the immune response against PRV in mice, whereas the predictable stress treatment actually hastened the immune response.